call us
RESERVATIONS

Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel

Rua São Pedro De Alcântara 81, Lisbon, , 1250-238
alert Alert: High demand, reserve your room now

Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel

Rua São Pedro De Alcântara 81, Lisbon, , 1250-238
Special rates available by phone for close
Lisbon
scroll-up
Primary image
Interior entrance
Interior entrance

0/0

from per night
Click here for Group Reservations (9+ Rooms)

CHECK CURRENT ROOM RATES

Check standard prices, special rates & last minute deals
alert Hurry! Other travelers are looking at this page right now.
Check standard prices, special rates & last minute deals
  • Shared Dormitory, Women only
    Shared Dormitory, Women only
    Shared Dormitory, Women only
    Shared Dormitory, Women only
    Shared Dormitory, Women only

    0/0

    Shared Dormitory, Women only

    1 Twin Bunk Bed, 322 sq feet
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Internet - Free WiFi
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, shared/communal kitchen access, and toaster
    Bed Type and Features - Bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Shared bathroom, a hair dryer, and towels
    Extra Features - Safe and wardrobe or closet; rollaway/extra beds available on request
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Shared accommodations, no cribs (infant beds) available, toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    Non-Smoking

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Microwave
    • No cribs (infant beds)
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Rollaway/extra beds - Extra Charge
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared accommodation
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
  • Double Room
    Double Room
    Double Room
    Double Room

    0/0

    Double Room

    1 Queen Bed, 161 sq feet
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Internet - Free WiFi
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, shared/communal kitchen access, and toaster
    Bed Type and Features - Premium bedding and bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Private bathroom, shower, and rainfall showerhead
    Extra Features - Safe and wardrobe or closet
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Toothbrush and toothpaste not available, no cribs (infant beds) or rollaway/extra beds available
    Non-Smoking

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Bathroom (Private)
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Microwave
    • No cribs (infant beds)
    • No rollaway/extra beds
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Premium bedding
    • Rainfall showerhead
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
  • Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm
    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm
    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm
    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm
    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm

    0/0

    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm

    1 Twin Bunk Bed, 431 sq feet
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Internet - Free WiFi
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, shared/communal kitchen access, and toaster
    Bed Type and Features - Bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Shared bathroom, a hair dryer, and towels
    Extra Features - Safe and wardrobe or closet; rollaway/extra beds available on request
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Shared accommodations, no cribs (infant beds) available, toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    Non-Smoking

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Microwave
    • No cribs (infant beds)
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Rollaway/extra beds - Extra Charge
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared accommodation
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
  • Superior Double Room
    Superior Double Room
    Superior Double Room
    Superior Double Room
    Superior Double Room

    0/0

    Superior Double Room

    1 Queen Bed, 183 sq feet
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Internet - Free WiFi
    In Room Entertainment - 42-inch flat-screen TV with cable channels
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, shared/communal kitchen access, and toaster
    Bed Type and Features - Memory foam bed, premium bedding, and bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Private bathroom, shower, and rainfall showerhead
    Extra Features - Safe and wardrobe or closet
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Toothbrush and toothpaste not available, no cribs (infant beds) or rollaway/extra beds available
    Non-Smoking

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Bathroom (Private)
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Complimentary bottled water
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Flat panel TV
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Memory-foam mattress
    • Microwave
    • No cribs (infant beds)
    • No rollaway/extra beds
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Premium bedding
    • Rainfall showerhead
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    • TV - Cable Service
  • Deluxe Studio Suite
    Deluxe Studio Suite
    Deluxe Studio Suite
    Deluxe Studio Suite
    Deluxe Studio Suite

    0/0

    Deluxe Studio Suite

    1 Queen Bed, 269 sq feet
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Layout of Deluxe Studio Suite - Separate sitting area
    Internet - Free WiFi
    In Room Entertainment - 42-inch flat-screen TV with cable channels
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, espresso maker, and shared/communal kitchen access
    Bed Type and Features - Memory foam bed, premium bedding, and bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Private bathroom, shower, and rainfall showerhead
    Extra Features - Day bed, laptop workspace, and safe
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Toothbrush and toothpaste not available, no cribs (infant beds) or rollaway/extra beds available
    Non-Smoking
    Room/bed type depends on availability at check-in

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Bathroom (Private)
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Coffee Espresso maker
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Daybed
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Flat panel TV
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Laptop friendly workstation
    • Memory-foam mattress
    • Microwave
    • No cribs (infant beds)
    • No rollaway/extra beds
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Premium bedding
    • Rainfall showerhead
    • Room and bed type depend on availability check-in
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Sitting area (Separate)
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    • TV - Cable Service
  • Economy Double Room
    Economy Double Room
    Economy Double Room
    Economy Double Room

    0/0

    Economy Double Room

    1 Queen Bed, 129 sq feet
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Internet - Free WiFi
    In Room Entertainment - 42-inch flat-screen TV with cable channels
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, espresso maker, and shared/communal kitchen access
    Bed Type and Features - Bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Private bathroom, shower, a hair dryer, and towels
    Extra Features - Safe and wardrobe or closet
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Toothbrush and toothpaste not available, no cribs (infant beds) or rollaway/extra beds available
    Non-Smoking

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Bathroom (Private)
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Coffee Espresso maker
    • Complimentary bottled water
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Flat panel TV
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Microwave
    • No cribs (infant beds)
    • No rollaway/extra beds
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    • TV - Cable Service
  • One Bed in a Mixed Dorm Room 6 people
    One Bed in a Mixed Dorm Room 6 people
    One Bed in a Mixed Dorm Room 6 people
    One Bed in a Mixed Dorm Room 6 people
    One Bed in a Mixed Dorm Room 6 people

    0/0

    One Bed in a Mixed Dorm Room 6 people

    1 Twin Bunk Bed, 269 sq feet
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Internet - Free WiFi
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, shared/communal kitchen access, and toaster
    Bed Type and Features - Bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Shared bathroom, a hair dryer, and towels
    Extra Features - Safe and wardrobe or closet; rollaway/extra beds available on request
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Shared accommodations, no cribs (infant beds) available, toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    Non-Smoking

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Microwave
    • No cribs (infant beds)
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Rollaway/extra beds - Extra Charge
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared accommodation
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
  • Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm
    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm
    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm
    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm
    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm

    0/0

    Shared Dormitory, Mixed Dorm

    1 Twin Bunk Bed, 323 sq feet
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Internet - Free WiFi
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, shared/communal kitchen access, and toaster
    Bed Type and Features - Bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Shared bathroom, a hair dryer, and towels
    Extra Features - Safe and wardrobe or closet; rollaway/extra beds available on request
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Shared accommodations, no cribs (infant beds) available, toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    Non-Smoking

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Microwave
    • No cribs (infant beds)
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Rollaway/extra beds - Extra Charge
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared accommodation
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
  • Panoramic Double Room
    Panoramic Double Room
    Panoramic Double Room
    Panoramic Double Room
    Panoramic Double Room

    0/0

    Panoramic Double Room

    1 Queen Bed, 183-sq-foot room with city views
    clock
    Check savings and offers

    Room Highlights

    Internet - Free WiFi
    In Room Entertainment - 42-inch flat-screen TV with cable channels
    Food and Beverages - Refrigerator, microwave, shared/communal kitchen access, and toaster
    Bed Type and Features - Memory foam bed, premium bedding, and bed sheets
    Restrooms & Showers - Private bathroom, shower, and rainfall showerhead
    Extra Features - Safe and wardrobe or closet; rollaway/extra beds available on request
    Pleasure - Air conditioning and daily housekeeping
    Need to Know - Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    Non-Smoking

    Amenities and Features

    • AC
    • Bath Towels Provided
    • Bathroom (Private)
    • Closet/Wardrobe
    • Complimentary bottled water
    • Complimentary Wifi
    • Dishware, Cookware and utensils
    • Dishwasher
    • Flat panel TV
    • Full-sized freezer/refrigerator
    • Hair dryer
    • Housekeeping (Daily)
    • Ice-maker
    • In room safe
    • Individually decorated
    • Individually furnished
    • Memory-foam mattress
    • Microwave
    • Non Smoking
    • Oven
    • Premium bedding
    • Rainfall showerhead
    • Rollaway/extra beds - Extra Charge
    • Room Linens provided
    • Shared-communal kitchen
    • Shower only
    • Stovetop
    • Toaster
    • Toothbrush and toothpaste not available
    • TV - Cable Service

ABOUT THE HOTEL

About Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel Hotel

Hotel Location & Nearby Attractions

A stay at Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel places you in the heart of Lisbon, within a 10-minute walk of Avenida da Liberdade and Rossio Square. This hostel is 0.5 mi (0.8 km) from Santa Justa Elevator and 0.7 mi (1.2 km) from Commerce Square.

Popular Hotel Amenities and Features

Take in the views from a terrace and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless internet access and concierge services. This Art Deco hostel also features a communal living room and a vending machine.

Business, Other Amenities

Featured amenities include complimentary wired internet access, a 24-hour front desk, and multilingual staff.

Restaurants, Bars, Lounge & Dining options

You can enjoy a meal at The Decadente serving the guests of Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel, or stop in at the snack bar/deli. Wrap up your day with a drink at the bar/lounge. Buffet breakfasts are available daily from 7:30 AM to 11:00 AM for a fee.

Hotel Accommodations and Guest Rooms

Make yourself at home in one of the 11 air-conditioned rooms featuring microwaves. Prepare your meals in the shared/communal kitchen. Complimentary wireless internet access is available to keep you connected. Conveniences include safes, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Pet Policy for Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel
If you are thinking of bringing your pet and want to know if pets are allowed at Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel, please read the hotel pet policy. Sometimes the hotel may charge pet fees or have weight limit on pets. The pet policies of Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel are listed below.

Pets not allowed

Additional Hotel Details
  • Property follows sanitization practices of COVID-19 Guidelines (WHO)
  • Professional property host/manager
  • No cribs (infant beds) available
  • Property confirms they are implementing enhanced cleaning measures
  • Property is cleaned with disinfectant
  • Property follows regional sanitization guidelines Clean & Safe (Portugal)
  • Bed sheets and towels are washed at a temperature of at least 60°C/140°F
  • Children not allowed
  • Essential workers only - NO
  • Commonly-touched surfaces are cleaned with disinfectant
  • No elevators

HOTEL LOCATION

Nearest airport and around Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel
- Lisbon, Hotel

Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 mile and kilometer.

Miradouro de São Pedro de Alcântara - 0.1 km / 0.1 mi
Principe Real Square - 0.4 km / 0.2 mi
Fado in Chiado - 0.4 km / 0.3 mi
Botanical Garden - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
Carmo Convent - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Rossio Square - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Fernando Pessoa Statue - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Camões Square - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Dom Pedro IV Statue - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Avenida da Liberdade - 0.7 km / 0.4 mi
National Theatre of D. Maria II - 0.7 km / 0.5 mi
Armazens do Chiado Mall - 0.7 km / 0.5 mi
Foz Palace - 0.8 km / 0.5 mi
Santa Justa Elevator - 0.8 km / 0.5 mi
Rua Augusta - 0.8 km / 0.5 mi

The nearest airports are:
Humberto Delgado Airport (LIS) - 11.7 km / 7.3 mi
Cascais (CAT) - 21 km / 13.1 mi

Group hotel rates (9+ROOMS)

Get competing quotes for free and save up to 70% on group rates for Weddings, Meetings, Sports Teams and other Events.
We have lowest special group rates and discounts for any type or group size.
GROUP RATES (9+ ROOMS)

TRAVELER SENTIMENTS

About Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel Hotel

What is the check-in policy?
The checking times for Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel are between 3:00 PM and midnight. The minimum age to check-in is 16.
What is the check-out time?
This Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel's check-out time is 12:00 PM.
What brand is Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel?
Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel is an independent hotel.
What is the street address for Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel?
The address for Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel is Rua São Pedro De Alcântara 81, Lisbon 1250-238
What is the price for tonight?
Based on recent averages, the price for tonight can start at 25.
What is the nightly room rate for this weekend?
Based on recent averages, the room rate for this weekend can be as low as 25 per night.
When was the Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel built?
The Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel in Lisbon was built in 1900.
How many guest rooms are at Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel?
The Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel has a total of 11 guest rooms.
How many floors does the Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel have?
This Lisbon hotel has 3 floors. The hotel has 1 building/tower.
What is the hotel theme?
Travelers find this hotel .
Recommended landmarks, attractions or things to do around INDEPENDENTE PRÍNCIPE REAL - HOSTEL?
INDEPENDENTE PRÍNCIPE REAL - HOSTEL is within minutes from Miradouro de São Pedro de Alcântara - 0.1 km / 0.1 mi , Principe Real Square - 0.4 km / 0.2 mi and Fado in Chiado - 0.4 km / 0.3 mi

ADDITIONAL HOTEL REVIEWS

Independente Príncipe Real - Hostel Reviews Summary

  • Hotel review by James

    James

    Very Good

    Pros: Clean, friendly, high standards
    Cons: Problematic and noisy drunk/disorderly guests

  • Hotel review by Cliff

    Cliff

    Poor

    Poor

  • Hotel review by Marty

    Marty

    Very Good

    Good stay, worth the price.

    Pros: Staff are amazing, so nice and accommodating, especially the gentlemen in the evening.
    Cons: Noisy at night since its above a bar/restaurant that plays loud music. Pillows arent the best.

  • Hotel review by Mure

    Mure

    Wonderful

    My first solo trip I was so nervous to not meet people , but I meet people so nice

    Pros: Great place , properly locate with great people
    Cons: Stay longer

  • Hotel review by Siddarth

    Siddarth

    Pleasant

    Pleasant

    Cons: The toilets and showers were tiny and not very clean possibly because of the number of people sharing them. They are cleaned regularly though. I'd probably book a private room next time. The toilet seats would slide as well. Let's not go overboard with the retro vibe at the expense of practicality and functionality. Showers have curtains and no doors? God knows how often the shower curtains are cleaned but they looked gross.

  • Hotel review by Luke

    Luke

    Very Good

    Very good

  • Hotel review by Ryan

    Ryan

    Exceptional

    Exceptional

    Pros: I like the warm welcoming the staff give the guests. Upon your arrival you're given free drinks, the reception desk is basically a mini bar which is awesome. The suite room we stayed in was phenomenal with a lovely balcony to sit out on in the evenings. The location is perfect for being central. Overall I really loved this place
    Cons: We went to have dinner at Decadente which is on the ground floor of the hotel, and the waiter Filipe with the man bun said we couldn't drink our own water, despite having paid a lot of money to stay in this beautiful hotel, which was somewhat off putting.

  • Hotel review by Muhammad

    Muhammad

    Fair

    Location+Breakfast were great. Cleanliness was an issue.

    Pros: Location is great. Sunrise and night views are amazing. Easy to catch public transport to go to Belem area. Other tourist attractions are at walking distance. Breakfast was nice and two black ladies managing it are great.
    Cons: The black guy who checked me in was not friendly and got irritated answering questions for me. Cleanliness was an issue in the bathroom 1.3. There was a funny smell and it was not cleaned regularly (hair etc).

  • Hotel review by Michele

    Michele

    Very Good

    Very good

    Pros: Very friendly stuff and we liked the breakfast a lot
    Cons: The shared toilets were little uncomfortable, the bunk beds too high and the ladders very tricky

  • Hotel review by William

    William

    Exceptional

    Perfect

  • Hotel review by Anonymous

    Anonymous

    Wonderful

    Great hostel great location staff were helpful. Would return

    Pros: Cool building comfy beds
    Cons: Beds were a little tricky to get in and out of. Especially the middle bunk.

  • Hotel review by Kátia

    Kátia

    Exceptional

    Feels like a house

    Pros: The hostel has very good common areas, its like a airbnb, as you have access to a very big sitting/ dining room, kitchen, very comfortable and nice.

  • Hotel review by Blanca

    Blanca

    Wonderful

    It was a nice well located place to stay.

    Pros: The building was really beautiful and well located. Breakfast was nice even though the lady who organized the breakfast was a little bit rude
    Cons: The toilet werent really clean and there was a lot of stuff from other guests. Also there is no good communication between the front desk staff, one during the evening told me I could ask for breakfast to go and in the morning it wasnt possible.

  • Hotel review by Pawel

    Pawel

    Fair

    Passable

    Pros: Great location
    Cons: Super loud, annoying loud music coming from somewhere all the time until 11-12pm, windows open to restaurant tables and kitchen, a lot of smell

  • Hotel review by Sally

    Sally

    Very Good

    Wonderful surprise accommodations in a great location.

    Pros: Location was wonderful. Restaurant was exceptional. Breakfast service was friendly
    Cons: Night time noise was too much.

  • Hotel review by Monee

    Monee

    Wonderful

    It was a great experience staying at this hostel. I made new friends and memories to remember Lisbon forever!

    Pros: Very clean and safe.
    Cons: Room light didnt work.

  • Hotel review by Victor

    Victor

    Exceptional

    Perfect

  • Hotel review by Yael

    Yael

    Wonderful

    Exceptional

  • Hotel review by Zhou

    Zhou

    Very Good

    Very good

  • Hotel review by Sadie

    Sadie

    Pleasant

    This was my second time staying here but wont be staying again. The private rooms are too expensive for facilities prov

    Pros: Location and uniqueness
    Cons: Checkin wasnt til after 3 and the rooftop bar was closed for a private party. So in addition to not being able to take advantage of the on-site nightlife, which was why I booked, I was forced to hear the noise from the party as my room was directly adjacent.